Mr Lugton said rapid pasture growth, with the production of highly digestible and energy-rich grasses and other forbs will predispose sheep and cattle to outbreaks of pulpy kidney.

“This will be especially so if the transition from poor quality forage to high quality pastures is rapid,” he said.

“Affected animals may sometimes show moderate bloating before becoming ill.

“However, in most cases, the condition develops so quickly that all that is found are bloated carcasses.

“If you have previously vaccinated your stock with five in one vaccine, do not be complacent, as the protection afforded by the pulpy kidney fraction in the vaccine is relatively short-lived, with strong protection lasting only a matter of months.”

LHPA strongly advises stock owners to consider a vaccination or revaccination campaign to avoid the possibility of such easily and cheaply preventable deaths.

Mr Lugton said kikuyu poisoning of cattle is an uncommon disease which can occur following the rapid growth of kikuyu grass following the breaking of a dry spell.

“In some districts it has occurred in association with fertiliser application and the presence of armyworm.

“It is likely to be more prevalent if the cattle are forced to graze toxin-affected areas of pasture through strip grazing.

“The first signs may include drooling, dehydration and sham drinking. Animals that appear depressed and are down are unlikely to survive.

“If dead cattle are examined it can be seen that the paunch is full of fluid.

“If you notice your cattle starting to avoid large patches of kikuyu in your pastures, don’t force them to eat it.

“Let them eat only what they want and move them to a fresh paddock when hungry.”

Mr Lugton said sheep and goats, barber’s pole worm (BPW) infestation is a major concern following prolonged wet periods during the warmer months of the year.